Programming languages are build around the standard keyboard. Keyboards had most of the symbols you’re thinking of from their typewriter days. You can see most of the special characters in these small typewriters from the mid 1900s.
With things like electric Wheel Writer typewriters, adding extra keys and symbols were less of a complexity issue and you started to see a few more extra symbols.
Programming languages are build around the standard keyboard. Keyboards had most of the symbols you’re thinking of from their typewriter days. You can see most of the special characters in these small typewriters from the mid 1900s.
https://dealdashreviewed.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/typerwriter.jpg
https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-gdj1kOXgkTY/UqYxNGAxBBI/AAAAAAAA8T0/DTeg3C_ydXM/s1600/71-6zsvcleL._SL1500_.jpg
With things like electric Wheel Writer typewriters, adding extra keys and symbols were less of a complexity issue and you started to see a few more extra symbols.
https://www.imagine41.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/ibm_wheelwriter_2500_002_1.jpg
Recognize that there never has been a hard standard for layouts and symbols, just the industry copying and converging on systems that became popular.